Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills in Pancasila and Civic Education through the Team Games Tournament Method and the Pancasila Smart Discovery Learning Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56393/lucerna.v5i1.3289Keywords:
TGT, Discovery Learning, Berpikir Kritis, Pancasila Smart, PTKAbstract
This classroom action research aimed to enhance the critical thinking skills of Grade IV students at Kebonsari 3 State Primary School in Malang City through the implementation of a combined Team Games Tournament method and Discovery Learning model, supported by Pancasila Smart interactive media. Pancasila Smart interactive media is a digital, quiz-based platform that incorporates the values of Pancasila and is designed to stimulate discussion, problem-solving, and decision-making in Pancasila and Civic Education learning. The research was conducted in three cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and tests, and were analyzed using the normalized gain formula to measure the effectiveness of improvements in learning outcomes between cycles relative to the maximum possible achievement. The findings revealed a consistent improvement in students’ critical thinking skills from the pre-cycle phase through cycles I, II, and III, with both average scores and normalized gain values increasing steadily across cycles. These results indicate that integrating the Team Games Tournament method and the Discovery Learning model, facilitated by Pancasila Smart interactive media, has strong potential to develop the critical thinking skills of primary school students. The practical implication of this study highlights the importance of incorporating educational game-based learning strategies with guided discovery approaches in Pancasila and Civic Education to strengthen the twenty-first-century competencies of primary school learners.
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