Kekosongan Regulasi Artificial Intelligence dalam Pembuktian Pidana dan Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56393/rhizome.v5i2.4148Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Pembuktian Pidana, Regulasi, Asas Praduga Tak BersalahAbstract
Pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) dalam pembuktian perkara pidana, seperti analisis bukti digital, pengenalan wajah, dan pemodelan pola kejahatan, semakin memengaruhi praktik penegakan hukum. Namun, dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, penggunaan AI berlangsung di tengah kekosongan pengaturan normatif yang mengatur mekanisme penilaian dan pengujian hasil kerja algoritma dalam persidangan pidana. Kondisi ini menimbulkan persoalan mendasar terhadap perlindungan asas praduga tak bersalah, terutama ketika output AI diperlakukan sebagai kebenaran objektif tanpa pengujian yuridis yang memadai. Artikel ini menganalisis kekosongan regulasi penggunaan AI dalam pembuktian pidana di Indonesia serta implikasinya terhadap hak-hak tersangka dan terdakwa. Berbeda dari kajian global yang umumnya menitikberatkan pada akuntabilitas algoritmik dari perspektif teknis atau perlindungan data, penelitian ini menawarkan pendekatan normatif-yuridis dengan menempatkan hakim sebagai aktor kunci dalam menilai legitimasi penggunaan AI dalam pembuktian pidana. Melalui pendekatan hukum normatif, artikel ini merumuskan kerangka evaluatif bagi pembentukan regulasi nasional yang menegaskan transparansi algoritmik, akuntabilitas, dan pengawasan manusia, guna memastikan tegaknya asas praduga tak bersalah dan prinsip due process of law.
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